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Search activity economics9/14/2023 ![]() The limited economic literature on PA has focussed on non-price determinants (e.g. These findings contrast with the quantity of such evidence found for diet/food, ¿ the main contributor along with inactivity to increasing obesity. The exceptions included impacts of congestion charging, taxes on beer and cigarettes, employer-sponsored transfer payments for use health clubs or travel to work using public transport, and tax credits to parents for enrolment of their children in organised PA programmes. A more recent systematic scoping review also found no primary studies of price promotions or supply side impacts and few studies of the impact of tax or transfer payments. Scoping reviews have found that very few studies have examined the impact of economic instruments including prices to promote PA and consequently that clear policy recommendations cannot yet be made. The latter is the focus of this present study. Each of these policies has the potential to increase activity not only among the inactive but also among those who are active but do not participate sufficiently often or with sufficient intensity to gain the health benefits. swimming, increasing goods/services associated with inactivity such as petrol, road use). reductions on tax of sport equipment, reduced prices or vouchers for sport sessions e.g. ![]() to the leisure industry to increase provision of accessible services use of tax incentives (e.g. Priced-based policies could include: use of subsidies e.g. Despite this it is noticeable that studies of the determinants of demand for PA have excluded the notion of price, largely because the majority of literature on determinants has not included economists. The global public health agenda aims to increase participation in physical activity (PA).Ĭhanging the relative price of (in)activity is an important tool for public policy and public health. Insufficient physical activity is associated with increased risks of developing over 20 health conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes. subsidising average entrance charges across all activities by 50%). 50% subsidy on swimming entrance charges) rather than a blanket implementation (e.g. Second, such policies could lead to desired policy goals if implemented at an individual activity level (e.g. subsidising price of participation, could generally lead to an increase in quantity of PA among those already exercising. ![]() First, the results support the notion that positive financial incentives, e.g. Two main policy implications emerge from the findings. People who felt doing PA could help them `get outdoors¿, `have fun¿, or `lose weight¿ were likely to do more PA. Only swimming and workout were sensitive to travel time price. Among the specific activities, the money price effect was highest for swimming with a 10% higher price associated with 29% fewer occasions of swimming followed by workout (3% fewer occasions) and walking (2% fewer occasions). Participation in PA was more sensitive to travel time price than money price. family member/child care fees, parking fees, and facility charges) and travel time price. Participation in PA was negatively associated with money prices per occasion (i.e. Of 1683 respondents, 83% participated in PA (one or more activities), and spent an average of £2.40 per occasion of participation in PA and 23 minutes travelling. Count regression models (all activities together, and swimming, workout, walking separately) were fitted to investigate the variation in quantity of PA. Questions focussed on: ex-post money and time prices type and quantity of PA perceived benefits of PA and socio-economic details. The sample covered individuals who reported to have undertaken some PA in the HSE 2008. MethodsĪ nationally representative telephone follow-up survey to Health Survey for England (HSE) 2008 was undertaken in 2010. Using the first nationwide dataset on prices of PA for England, we explore for the first time how money and time prices are associated with PA (in general) and specific activities. Nonetheless, to date, analyses of correlates of physical activity (PA) have excluded the notion of price. Changing the relative price of (in) activity is an important tool for health policies. ![]()
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